The coastline, as a border where the water Flow is relatively impermeable, can change the Flow Pattern and therefore, the study of its hydrodynamic role is undeniable. in coastal engineering studies and even wet ecosystems even it is simple. In this study, using three-dimensional simulations in the numerical model environment of MIKE 3, the Danish Hydrodynamic Institute, two types of three dimensional simulations have been proposed using Navier Stokes equations to investigate the role of the coastline in rectangular and curved basins. In both simulations, it is assumed that the characteristics of Qeshm's tidal channel are scientifically established. This study clearly shows that the uniform velocity Pattern in a rectangular basin changes with the curvature of coastline on the curved basin. The tightness in the curvature of the basin causes an increase in speed (about 0. 05 m/s) in accordance with the principle of mass conservation. The opening after the turn of the basin causes a decrease of 0. 1 m/s (0. 4 m/s in the rectangular basin to 0. 3 m/s in a curved basin, equivalent to 25% speed). Another point to consider is the role of water level changes. There is not much difference in the speed Pattern between Higher High Water (HHW) and Lower Low Water (LLW) in Neap tide, but in the case of Spring tide where the water level is higher, the difference is 0. 1 m/s in the rectangular basin and 0. 2 m/s in the curved shape basin.

Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ethical principles in order to improve higher education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ethical model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-educational, educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level-university, macro level-higher education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ethical and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.

Introduction: Bridges are certainly one of the most important structures but costly service elements in a transport system. The bridges are very required to access the damaged areas in emergency situations such as floods and earthquakes. Scour around the foundations of bridge piers exposed to the Flowing water than can destroy the bridge itself is a subject of major concern. Flow Pattern is known as responsible for all changes in stream bed. Any obstacle in the channel can form new Flow Patterns causing additional shear stress exerted on the bed than the equilibrium condition of the absence of the obstacle. Appropriate shaping of Flow Pattern and proper selecting of pier geometry and the location of bridge piers can be one of the proper methods in reduction of scour amount which is the main subject of the present study.Materials and Methods: Inclined bridge group pier is a type of bridges with modern geometry based on development in building technology of structures. Many of these bridges have been built all around the world and the 8th bridge built crossing the Karun River in Ahvaz is a sample of the Iranian ones considered in this research. Hydrodynamic behavior of Flow is investigated around the inclined bridge group pier settled on foundation using the Flow-3D numerical model. Inclined bridge group pier investigated in this study, includes two rectangular piers which are 2.5 cm long and 3.5 cm wide and set in an angle of 28 degree on rectangular foundation which is 16 cm long and 10 cm wide and installed in three different foundation levels namely at, above and below the bed levels. The physical model of prototype pier considered in this study was constructed to the scale of 1: 190 of the Ahvaz 8th bridge. In order to verify the accuracy of the numerical model, velocity data obtained from image processing technique were used.

Flow Pattern investigation in a river needs an applicable tool. For this reason, there is an attempt to prepare software such as MOBED2 for two-dimensional unsteady Flow. As it is known that river boundaries are curvilinear, Navier-Stokes equation solution has been written in curvilinear coordinates and for the best fitting of Flow and boundaries basic equations of mass conservation and Flow equation are solved by implicit method. For validity of the model a case study on Karkheh River has been carried out. The comparison between the results of observed velocity and water level with corresponding calculated values in two specified points shows a good agreement.

In the present research, the formation and development of the delta and the interaction of the Flow Pattern and sediment in the reservoir under steady and unsteady Flow condition of water and sediment is experimentally investigated. Laboratory observations showed that in spite of the perfect symmetry of the geometry and hydraulic conditions of the model, the Flow at the reservoir entrance is randomly diverted to one side and an asymmetric but stable Flow is created at the reservoir entrance. The sediment entry and its deposition in the reservoir leads to an unstable Flow and a change in Flow direction. The instability in unsteady Flow is more severe than under steady Flow condition. The results showed that with the growth of the delta, the deviation of delta decreases and approaches the symmetry. Delta development takes place in longitudinal and transvers directions and the maximum elongation of delta is about 0.8 at the initial stages, and decreases with delta development. An equation is developed for time of change in direction of Flow in terms of the specific parameter of the hydrograph. In order to study the sedimentation Pattern, non-dimensional parameters such as the length of delta (Xt*), deviation ratio (y) and delta elongation (h) are introduced. An equation is developed to estimate the length of delta using non-dimensional parameters.

In this paper, using a 3D numerical model, the Flow Pattern at lateral intake was simulated. A three-dimensional finite volume model with standard   k was developed to solve turbulence equations. In order to simulate the main and diversion channels, only one block with varied domain arrays was used. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved in a curvilinear non-orthogonal coordinate system with collocated grid. Pressure correction algorithm of SIMPLE and convection schemes of Power Law are applied to the model. In addition, for velocity-pressure coupling; the Rhie and Chow method were used. Experimental data obtained from laboratory study is utilized to verify the model computations. The Flow Pattern at lateral intake with oneblock numerical method was modeled. The numerically modeled results show acceptable agreement with the measured data and demonstrate the capability of the developed numerical model.

Embayment or Side-cavities are built as a natural or artificial complication, which generally has shallow Flow conditions, as affecting the hydraulic conditions of the Flow. These complications affect important hydrodynamic processes that play an important role in the general behavior of the Flow by creating secondary structures and shear layers. Therefore, the experiments were performed in an Embayment with a size of 0.3 * 0.3 m, adjacent to a canal 0.5 m wide. Speed measurements in the defined network were performed using the Vectrino 3D Velocimeter. Observational results confirmed the existence of a large-scale gyre in the interior of the embayment. Further analysis of the data showed that the velocity in different directions is affected by Flow of the main canal and with increasing current in the main canal Flow, the velocity in the embayment also increases. Also, the results showed that at a constant Flow through the main channel, with increasing Flow depth, the speed in the outer half of the embayment decreases as the main channel but in the inner half, the speed increases with increasing depth. This indicates as increasing depth, a greater advancing of the stream into the embayment would be observed.

Introduction Denil fishway contains a direct rectangular channel in different slope rates associated with special baffles inside the channel. The layout of the baffles provides an energy dissipation process which provides an acceptable operating condition for passing the fish in continues path along the channel. Denil fishway divides the current to two different parts, including the main current located at the middle of the channel and lateral currents along the frame position. The interaction between main and lateral currents provides the main process of mass and acceleration movement and concludes a significant energy reduction based on the turbulent process. In the other words, it can be concluded that the frequent baffles make the channel very rough, which results in a suitable condition for migrating fishes to the upstream (Cea et al., 2007). Rajaratnam and Katapodis (1983) conducted common research on the hydraulic of the fishway structures. They focused on the Denil fishway as one of the most important fishway structures among different types. The result of their study on the Denil fishway is the developed equation for measuring the discharge of the Flow in the channel in various geometric scenarios. The physical model of the Denil fishway was constructed in the hydraulic laboratory at Alberta university, and the Flow rate and velocity profiles were measured using the electromagnetic Flowmeter and miniature velocimeter, respectively. Rajaratnam and Katapodis (1983) introduced six different Denil fishway types. The result of this study has shown that the output data are relatively similar to the Denil type 2. Equations (1), (2) are the main equations of the Denil fishway type 2 based on Rajaratnam and Katapodis (1983) studies...

The Hyperic region is an area immediately below the riverbed in which the mixing of downwelling surface water with subsurface Flow occurs. This area plays a very vital role in the ecology of the river and causes self-purification of the river Flow. Rockboulders in riverbeds usually act as impermable barriers, creating a hydraulic head difference upstream and downstream of these structures, and a hydraulic jump occurs downstream. Since scour hole is usually formed downstream of these barriers, so the purpose of this study was to determine the different Pattern of hyperic exchanges around rigid river barriers in three different Flow conditions(i. e., clinging nappe, rapid variable Flow and hydraulic jump-scouring. To evaluate the results, a laboratory flume was used to determine the Flowpaths of hyperic streamlines. The numerical model was also used for simulation of hyporheicFlow. The results showed that there was a good agreement between the observed and computational FlowPattern in the hyperic area for both clinging nappe and hydraulic jump, and Upstream Directed Upwelling(UDU) was observed in the area between the vertical barrier wall and the point of maximum scour depth and downstream Directed Upwelling(DDU) was observed in the numerical model. Also, the results showed that there are a power relations between total exchange rate(Qex), the residence time(Rt) and the percentage of exchange rate(Qp) against Reynolds number and correlation coefficient of 95, 81 and 86% was obtained for Qex, Rt and Qp, respectively. The accuracy of estimation shows that these relations can be used for estimation of hyporheic characteristics.